This page describes how to develop Android kernels on Cuttlefish devices.
Supported kernel manifests
Cuttlefish supports the following kernel manifests on main and AOSP GSI releases.
- On
aosp-main
common-android14-6.1
common-android14-5.15
common-android-mainline
- On
aosp-android13-gsi
common-android13-5.15
common-android13-5.10
- On
aosp-android12-gsi
common-android12-5.10
common-android12-5.4
common-android-4.19-stable
- On
aosp-android11-gsi
common-android11-5.4
common-android-4.19-stable
common-android-4.14-stable
The following are kernel sources for kernel development on Cuttlefish devices.
kernel/common-android14-6.1
kernel/common-android14-5.15
kernel/common-android13-5.15
kernel/common-android13-5.10
kernel/common-android-mainline
Develop Android kernels
To develop kernels on Cuttlefish devices, follow these steps:
Clone the appropriate kernel repo manifest for your Cuttlefish device and make any changes.
mkdir common-android14-6.1
cd common-android14-6.1
repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/manifest -b common-android14-6.1
repo sync -c -j$(nproc) -q
Build the kernel and ramdisk. For more information, see Building the Vendor Modules for the Virtual Device.
tools/bazel run //common-modules/virtual-device:virtual_device_x86_64_dist
If using
common-android-4.19-stable
,common-android-4.14-stable
, orcommon-android11-5.4
kernel manifests, run:BUILD_CONFIG=common/build.config.gki.x86_64 build/build.sh && BUILD_CONFIG=common-modules/virtual-device/build.config.cuttlefish.x86_64 build/build.sh
Instead of building locally (to avoid downloading the kernel source, setting up a kernel development environment), you can download the relevant artifacts at ci.android.com.
Launch the kernel and ramdisk with Cuttlefish.
cvd create \ -kernel_path=/$PATH/$TO/common-android14-6.1/out/android14-6.1/dist/bzImage \ -initramfs_path=/$PATH/$TO/common-android14-6.1/out/android14-6.1/dist/initramfs.img
If launching a non-GKI kernel (anything at or under 4.19), omit the
-initramfs_path
argument.If you're launching the kernel on an aarch64 version of Cuttlefish, use the
aarch64
build configuration and use theImage
artifact instead ofbzImage
.cvd create \ -kernel_path=/$PATH/$TO/common-android14-6.1/out/android14-5.15/dist/Image \ -initramfs_path=/$PATH/$TO/common-android14-6.1/out/android14-5.15/dist/initramfs.img